Exercise catalog

A fleet of buses streams position reports back to a control center. Each bus follows a fixed plan: an ordered list of stations it must visit, in order. The control center needs to answer, at any moment: where is each bus right now, and what's the next station it's heading to (or has it finished its whole route)?

An internal system stores a tree of files and directories. Every node can have an explicit permission level, or it can be left unset - in that case it inherits the permission of its nearest ancestor that does have one. The root always has an explicit permission.

A teacher tracks each student's scores across several assignments during a term. At any point they want to know a student's average and letter grade, and pull class-wide reports like the honor roll or who's failing.

A parking garage charges vehicles for how long they stay. Different vehicle types are billed completely differently.

Implement the two Person methods (src/Person.cpp) and the two report functions (src/Report.cpp):

Users can receive notifications through several channels - email, SMS, an Android push notification, and more may be added later. Each user picks exactly one preferred channel.

src/RateLimiter.cpp implements a sliding-window rate limiter: each user is allowed maxRequests within any trailing windowSeconds window.

A supermarket checkout scans products one at a time. Each product has a base price, but some products are on promotion. You need to build a system that tracks scanned products and returns the current cart price at any point.